Inverted Nipple correction

Authors : Fenoll C. MD, Serre A. MD, Saint Joseph Hospital, Paris Visit us on wikiplastic.surgery Abstract An inverted nipple (occasionally invaginated nipple) is a condition where the nipple is retracted into the breast. Women and men can have inverted nipples. The most common causes of nipple inversion include: Born with condition Breastfeeding Trauma including surgery Breast cancer Breast infections or inflammations Rare Genetic variant of nipple shape Gynecomastia Pregnancy Tuberculosis Major wheight loss Around 10–20% of all women are born with this condition. Most common nipple variations that women are born with are caused by short ducts or a wide areola muscle sphincter. There are three grades of inverted nipples : Inverted nipple Grade 1 refers to nipples that can easily be pulled out, by using finger pressure around the areola. Inverted nipple Grade 2 is the nipple which can be pulled out, though not as easily as the Grade 1 inverted nipple but which retracts after pressure is released. There is a moderate degree of fibrosis. Inverted nipple Grade 3 describes a severely inverted and retracted nipple which can rarely be pulled out physically and which requires surgery in order to be protracted. Milk ducts are often constricted and breast feeding is impossible. There are a lot of techniques, we present a simple and effective surgical treatment : The two triangular dermal flap for inverted nipple correction.